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The Ring Road (German: ''Ringstraße'') is a circular road surrounding the Innere Stadt district of Vienna, Austria and is one of its main sights. Its architecture is typical of the eclectic, historicist style called ''Ringstraßenstil'' (Ring Road Style) of the 1860s to 1890s.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.habsburger.net/en/chapter/historicism-architectural-style-ringstrasse )〕 ==History== The street was built to replace the city walls, which had been built during the 13th century and funded by the ransom payment derived from the release of Richard I of England, and reinforced as a consequence of the First Turkish Siege in 1529. The walls were surrounded by a glacis about 500m wide, where buildings and vegetation were prohibited. But by the late 18th century these fortifications had become obsolete. Under Emperor Joseph II, streets and walkways were built in the glacis, lit by lanterns and lined by trees.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=From fortification to promenade )〕 Craftsmen built open-air workshops, and stalls were set up. But the Revolution of 1848 was required to trigger a more significant change. In 1850, the ''Vorstädte'' (today the Districts II to IX) were incorporated into the municipality, which made the city walls an impediment to traffic. In 1857, Emperor Franz Joseph I of Austria issued the decree "It is My will" (''Es ist Mein Wille'' at Wikisource) ordering the demolition of the city walls and moats. In his decree, he laid out the exact size of the boulevard, as well as the geographical positions and functions of the new buildings. The Ringstraße and the planned buildings were intended to be a showcase for the grandeur and glory of the Habsburg Empire. On the practical level, Emperor Napoléon III of France's boulevard construction in Paris had already demonstrated how enlarging the size of streets effectively made the erection of revolutionary barricades difficult. Since the Ringstraße had always been meant primarily for show, a parallel ''Lastenstraße'' (cargo road) was built on the outside of the former glacis. This street is commonly known as ''2-er Linie'', named after the index "2" in the identifiers of the tram lines which used it. It is still important for through traffic. After some disputes about competence between the government and the municipality, a "City Extension Fund" was created, which was administered by the government. Only the town hall was planned by the city. During the following years, a large number of opulent public and private buildings were erected. Both the nobility and the plutocracy rushed to build showy mansions along the street. One of the first buildings was the ''Heinrichshof'', owned by the beer brewer Heinrich Drasche, which was located opposite the opera house until 1945. One of the earliest art historians to study the Ringstraße is Renate Wagner-Rieger, a professor and alumnus at the University of Vienna. Sigmund Freud was known to take a daily recreational walk around the Ring. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Vienna Ring Road」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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